军事 美国所有伯克级军舰 !
来源：COC集图联盟
贴图者：
undercooling
阿利·伯克级驱逐舰是美国海军80年代以后建造数量最多，使用最为广泛的驱逐舰，它以其先进的作战指挥系统，强大的火力，俊朗的外形，还有让各国海军最为头疼的宙斯盾系统，成为世界驱逐舰建造史上的颠峰之作，也成为各国军事迷津津乐道的话题。
从1988年12月首舰阿利·伯克号的龙骨安放在位于缅因州的巴斯钢铁公司的船台上开始直到现在，十五年间，美国海军总共建造了40多艘该级舰，其中ddg51－ddg88共38艘已加入现役，取代了美国海军航母战斗群中老旧的斯普鲁恩斯级驱逐舰，成为航母战斗群的中坚力量。甚至可以说没有伯克，航母战斗群就无法有效战斗。
正因为伯克级有如此强的战斗力，各国海军纷纷将它作为海军驱逐舰设计的典范，日本甚至引进全套技术仿造出该舰的日本版－金刚级。西班牙的F100，英国的TYPE45，德荷合作的F124萨克森（荷兰叫普罗文森），韩国将要建造的KDX-III，还有中国正在建造的053c都被称为小神盾，足可见伯克舰的影响有多大。
阿利·伯克级驱逐舰由巴斯钢铁和英格尔斯造船厂轮流建造，这两个船厂和纽波特纽斯一起，代表了美国造船的最高水平。该舰建造背景和性能简介如下：
DDG-51 Arleigh Burke - Flight I
The initial ARLEIGH BURKE-class guided missile destroyers are 506 feet in overall length and have a 62 foot beam. The increase in full-load displacements over the originally announced 8,315 tons is the result of adapting void tanks to carry fuel. They are driven by two shafts powered by four LM2500 engines. Their maximum speed is in excess of 30 knots and they have a cruising range of 4,400 n. miles at 20 knots. The ships complement is about 30 officers and 302 enlisted personnel.
All ships of this class have the AEGIS air defense system with the SPY-1D phased array radar. They are armed with a 90-cell Vertical Launching System capable of storing and rapidly firing a mix of Standard, Tomahawk, and Vertically Launched ASROC (VLA) missiles for either Air Defense, Strike Warfare, or Anti-Submarine Warfare missions. Other armament includes the Harpoon anti-ship cruise missile, the 5"/54 gun with improvements that integrate it with the AEGIS weapon system, and the Phalanx Close-in Weapon System for self-defense. Combat systems include the Mk 8 weapons control system.
The Aegis SPY-1D radar has all four faces mounted on the forward superstructure. The system employs five UYK-43B computers, and the Combat Information Center is below the main deck. The AN/SPY-1D Phased Array Radar incorporates significant advances in the detection capabilities of the AEGIS Weapons System, particularly in its resistance to enemy Electronic Counter-Measures (ECM). The AEGIS system is designed to counter all current and projected missile threats to the Navy's battle forces. A conventional, mechanically rotating radar "sees" a target when the radar beam strikes that target once during each 360 degree rotation of the antenna. A separate tracking radar is then required to engage each target. In contrast, the computer-controlled AN/SPY-1D phased array radar of the AEGIS system brings these functions together within one system. The four fixed arrays of "SPY" send out beams of electromagnetic energy in all directions simultaneously, continuously providing a search and tracking capability for hundreds of targets at the same time. Using the SPY-1D and her Mark 99 Fire Control System, these ships can guide vertically-launched Standard Missiles to intercept hostile aircraft and missiles at extended ranges.
DDG 69 is the first with Aegis Baseline 5 Phase 3, which incorporates the SPY-1D Track Initiation Processor (which permits the screening of transient detections prior to transition-to-track), X-Windows format Tactical Graphics Capability, and an embedded Command and Control Processor with joint Link 16 capability. DDG 58 and later have improved fire control, extended-range standard missile employment capability, NTDS Mod 5, improved displays, and later communications systems.
The MK 41 VLS is a multi-warfare missile launching system capable of firing a mix of missiles against airborne and surface threats. VLS is a product of Martin-Marietta. It is modular in design, with eight modules symmetrically grouped to form a launcher magazine. The modules contain all the necessary components for launching functions when interfaced with the ship's AEGIS Weapon System.
The Standard SM-2 MR Block II missiles are controlled by the Aegis system, with the Mk 99 Missile Fire-Control System using the three Mk 80 illuminator systems’ SPG-62 radars for terminal designation only. The normal load of missiles includes 74 Standard SM-2 MR SAMs.
Land attack cruise missile capability is provided by Tomahawk Missiles, which are launched from her Mark 41 Vertical Launching System (VLS). Tomahawk launch control is by the SWG-3A system and Harpoon by the SWG-1A(V) system. The Mk 116 Mod 7 UBFCS is carried, and the small number of VLA missiles to be procured may be reserved for this class.
The shorter range Harpoon Anti-Ship Cruise Missiles have a range in excess of 65 nautical miles which are fired from stand-alone launchers.
The 5"/54 Caliber Gun, in conjunction with the Mark 34 Gun Weapon System, is an anti-ship weapon which can also be used for close-in air contacts or to support forces ashore with Naval Gun-Fire Support (NGFS). Furnished with 600 rounds of ammunition, the 5”/54 gun is controlled by the Mk 34 Mod 0 Gun Weapon System with Mk 160 Mod 4 Gun Computing System (which uses radar input data from the SPS-67(V)3 or SPY-1D). The planned Mk 121 Mod 0 Seafire TV/laser/infrared director was canceled and replaced by a less costly system, the Kollmorgen Passive Optical Sight Mk 46 Mod 1, which is mounted atop an extended deckhouse forward of the forward Mk 99 illuminator.
To provide point defense against hostile air targets, the ships are equipped with the Block 1 upgrade to the Phalanx Close-In-Weapons System (CIWS). The 5"/54 Caliber Gun has a secondary antiaircraft capability.
The ARLEIGH BURKE Class is also equipped with the Navy's latest ASUW Combat Systems. The SQQ-89(V)4 ASW suite includes the SQS-53C bow-mounted sonar, SQQ-28 helicopter datalink, SIMAS, and the Mk 116 Mod 7 UBFCS. The AN/SQQ-89 integrated ASW Suite is the most advanced anti-submarine warfare system in the world today. The AN/SQR-19 Tactical Towed Array SONAR (TACTAS) provides extremely long-range passive detection of enemy submarines, and the AN/SQS-53C Hull-Mounted SONAR is used to actively and passively detect and locate submarine contacts.
The ships also have the capability to land the SH-60B LAMPS Mark III Helicopter, which can link to the ship for support in the anti- submarine operations, as well as conducting over-the-horizon targeting missions. No helicopter hangar is fitted. The flight deck will accept SH-60B/F helicopters, and the SQQ-28 LAMPS-III datalink/control system is installed. DDG 52 and later have the RAST (Recovery Assist, Secure, and Traverse) system, plus helicopter refueling/rearming facilities, which added 58 tons to the full-load displacement, delaying delivery of DDG 52 by 6 months. DDG 52-78 carry nine spare ASW torpedoes for helicopters in a small magazine near the helicopter deck.
These systems are supplemented by the SLQ-32V(2) Electronic Warfare Suite, which includes passive detection systems and decoy countermeasures. The SLQ-32(V)2 passive-only EW suite in the Flight I units of the class have been upgraded to SLQ-32(V)5 through the addition of Sidekick jammers. Later units were completed with Sidekick, while the Flight II ships are receiving the integrated SLQ-32(V)3 intercept and jamming array.
DDG 53 conducted trials with the AN/SPS-67(V)4 L-band surface search radar system, which employs a slotted waveguide-type antenna, and all subsequent units now have it, with DDG 51 and DDG 52 having been backfitted.
A new, large, waterplane area hull form significantly improves seakeeping ability. The hull form is designed to permit high speed in high sea states. The seakeeping hull form is characterized by considerable flair and a "V" shape appearance at the waterline. The hullform is unusually broad in relation to length; fin stabilizers are not fitted. The concept of the broad hull was borne out during sea trials for DDG 51, which was able to maintain 30 knots in 35 foot seas and a 60 knot gale. DDG 51 achieved 30 kts on 75,000 shp on trials at full load. Heel only slightly with full rudder at full speed. These ships are less fuel-efficient than the SPRUANCE class, due to their broader hullform and less efficient stern shape.
The DDG-51 Class engineering plant represents an improvement in US Naval gas turbine power plant control systems. Aircraft derivative gas turbines are used for both propulsion and ship service electrical power generation. A high degree of plant automation is achieved by an interconnected system of control consoles. Four of these control consoles are located in the Central Control Station (CCS) which is the nerve center of the DDG-51 Class engineering plant.
Four General Electric LM2500 Gas Turbine Engines (GTEs) provide ship's propulsion. Each Engine Room contains two LM2500s, one propulsion reduction gear to convert the high speed, low torque output of the gas turbine engine to low speed, high torque output suitable to drive the propulsion shafting, and the related support systems and equipment. The port shaft connects 2A and 2B GTEs in Main Engine Room #2 and the starboard shaft connects 1A and 1B GTEs in Main Engine Room #1. When viewed from the stern, the port shaft rotates counterclockwise and the starboard shaft clockwise, producing outward propeller rotation. Since the GTEs cannot be reversed, the Controllable Pitch Propeller (CPP) system provides ahead and astern thrust by hydraulically positioning the pitch of the propeller blades.
Each of the three Gas Turbine Generator Sets (GTGS) is rated at 2500 KW and supplies 450 VAC, three-phase, 60 HZ power. #1 GTGS is located in Auxiliary Machinery Room #1, #2 GTGS is located in Main Engine Room #2, and #3 GTGS is located in #3 Generator Room. The GTGS are separated from each other by three watertight bulkheads for survivability. Each Gas Turbine Generator Set is comprised of an Allison 501-K34 Gas Turbine Engine, a module assembly, a reduction gear assembly, and a generator.
The ships have steel superstructures, aluminum stacks, and the first comprehensive CBR protection system in a U.S. Navy ship. Over 130 tons of Kevlar or plastic armor are used for vital spaces, including 70 tons around the combat control spaces. The originally planned steel quadripod mast was changed before construction began to a lightweight structure employing composites to reduce radar signature.
The DDG-51 Class ships are specifically constructed from a survivability-enhanced design that affords passive protection to personnel and vital systems. This design provides protection against underwater shock, nuclear air blasts, fragment incursions into vital spaces, radar detection, electronic countermeasures, gun and missile attacks and a Chemical, Biological and Radiological (CBR) attack. A comprehensive Collective Protection System guards against nuclear, chemical, or biological agents. The ship's damage control features and constructional design make the DDG-51 Class Destroyer the most "survivable" surface ship in the world.
In the ARLEIGH BURKE Class, all-steel construction is used. Extensive top-side armor is placed around vital combat systems and machinery spaces. The bulkheads are constructed of steel from the waterline to the pilot house. The bulkheads are designed with double-spaced plate construction for fragment protection. The frontal plate causes fragments to break up and the backup plate stops the fragments from causing further damage to the interior of the ship. Othe Aegis combat system equipment rooms are protected by Kevlar shielding. And, topside weight is reduced by incorporating an aluminum mast.
Acoustic, infrared, and radar signatures have been reduced, and vital shipboard systems are hardened against electro-magnetic pulse and over-pressure damage. Sound isolators or "shock absorbers" have been placed on the reduction gears, giving the ship an added advantage when pursuing submarines. State-of-the-art propulsion and damage control systems are managed by an all-new data multi-plexing system. Fire detectors and increased AFFF and Halon protection add to improved survivability.
The ships have an automated digital steering system, wherein course is entered and automatically maintained. Trials were conducted in DDG 51 during 1991 with a rudder roll-reduction system. DDG 64 and later have the Litton WSN-5 ring-laser inertial gyro navigation system. They carry two 24 ft rigid inflatable boats (RIBs) and 15 25 man encapsulated liferafts.
DDG-51 Arleigh Burke - Flight II
Block II ships (DDG 72-78) have the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) Command and Control Processor, Combat Direction Finding, the Tactical Information Exchange System (TADIX , SLQ-32(V)3, and the capability to launch and control the SM-2 Block IV Extended Range Missile added. Some 24 Block I and II ships may later be equipped to operate drone surveillance vehicles. The Navy expects to upgrade DDG 51-78 with CEC, the baseline 6 version of the Aegis weapon system, an upgraded Standard Missile II variant, and NULKA. The Navy expects these upgrades to give these ships a high capability against both the near- and mid-term threat requirements and moderate capability against the far-term threat requirement.
DDG-51 Arleigh Burke - Flight IIA
The DDG-51 class has excellent littoral warfighting capability. But as the Navy embraces the new concepts of forward defense, the Marine Corps STOM/OMFTS concepts, and lighter, more mobile Army forces, it needs to evolve this capability to meet those concerns. The forward fit of the 5 inch 62 caliber gun aboard USS WINSTON S. CHURCHILL (DDG81), which commissioned in 2001, marked the beginning of the evolution of the highly successful ARLEIGH BURKE class destroyer design to meet the rapidly expanding littoral warfighting mission. Other class changes critical to littoral warfighting effectiveness include the incorporation of embarked helicopters (SH-60R), an organic minehunting capability and the introduction of area theater ballistic missile defense capability to protect near coastal air-fields and seaports essential to the flow of forces into theater in time of conflict.
Class changes in production Flight IIA critical to littoral warfighting effectiveness include the incorporation of embarked helicopters (SH-60R), an organic minehunting capability and the introduction of area theater ballistic missile defense capability to protect near coastal air-fields and seaports essential to the flow of forces into theater in time of conflict. The addition of a helicopter hangar and the upgraded baseline 6.1 AEGIS Combat System are two of the most significant upgrades. The number of VLS cells is increased from 90 to 96, and the Phalanx close-in weapon system is replaced by vertical-launched the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Evolved Sea Sparrow missiles when they become available.
The ARLEIGH BURKE class Flight IIA (DDG 79+) feature a hull lengthened five feet over that of the DDG 51 class. The weight and metacentric height are reduced through using lighter superstructure scantlings. Lower hull plating thickness is increased over 3/4 the hull length amidships. Propellers have improved section to reduce onset of cavitation. The stern wedge (which improves fuel efficiency at cruising speeds) is extended out past the transom. Accommodations are increased for the air group, and have female berthing for four officers, six CPOs, and 18 other enlisted. There is no high-pressure air system; auxiliary power units are used to start the generators. The design uses a commercial slewing-arm davit for the 24 ft rigid inflatable boat (RI. The computerized Operational Readiness Test System uses one UYK-44 computer with five OJ-454(V)/UYK display consoles in the weapon system equipment rooms. Other changes include the addition of five blast-hardened bulkheads to lessen vulnerability, adding a solid waste management system, and improving the air-conditioning system.
Combat systems include the Aegis Weapons System Mk 7 Mod 11. The aft pair of SPY-1D radar panels are raised seven feet to clear helicopter hangars. The torpedo reload magazine also accommodates Penguin and Hellfire air-to-ground missiles, Stinger infrared surface-to-air missiles, LAU 68 2.75-in rockets, and 25-mm gun and 40-mm grenade ammunition. It is able to carry up to 40 torpedoes for shipboard and helicopter use.
The at-sea reload systems for the VLS groups were eliminated to permit adding three VLS cells per group. The RIM-9P Evolved Sea Sparrow replaces the Phalanx installations when available; four missiles are carried in each of six Mk 41 VLS cells. Harpoon missiles were eliminated to reduce costs, but there is provision to reinstall them later between the stacks; without them, the ships will have no dedicated on-board antiship missile system.
These units incorporate CEC (Cooperative Engagement Capability) and will be able to counter theater ballistic missile attacks. Combat systems use UYQ-70 displays and a commercial fiber-optic distributed data interface network, and large-screen color displays in the CIC. The radar system incorporates a TIP (Track Initiation Processor). The Combat Direction Finding system is fitted.
The first 28 Arleigh Burke-class destroyers have a helicopter deck but no hanger or embarked helicopters. Ships in production Flight IIA, starting with USS OSCAR AUSTIN (DDG-79), also have landing and hangar facilities for operation of two multi-purpose Light Airborne Multipurpose System LAMPS MK III helicopters. This capability will be added for the remaining 29 ships of the class. The construction of the helicopter hangar is the most visible change for this new generation of AEGIS Destroyers. Located aft of the after Vertical Launching System (VLS), the hangar is large enough to accommodate 2 SH-60F helicopters, support equipment, repair shops and store rooms. The aft warping capstan and towing padeye are retractable to keep the helicopter deck clear.
As a result of the increased elevation of the after section of the ship, the aft facing AN/SPY-1D arrays were raised 8 feet to provide visibility over the hangar. The modifications require removal of Harpoon missile capability. Modifications were also made for additional crew required for a helicopter detachment to deploy with the ship.
The ship's Recovery, Assist, Securing, and Traversing (RAST) system is utilized to move the helicopter into and out of the port and starboard hangars. This enables the ships to operate SH-60-series helicopters in up to sea state five. Helicopter facilities including the following: dual hangars with bridge cranes and Navy standard helo hangar doors, Helo Control Station, RAST Control Station, Torpedo, Missile and Rocket Magazine with bridge crane and weapons hoist, Landing and Helo In-Flight Refueling (HIFR) facilities for LAMPS MK III SH-60B helicopters. VLA lighting, Stabilized Glide Slope Indicator (SGSI)/ Wave-Off Light System (WOLS) and Horizon-reference set are included. The deck aft is designed for Level I, Class 1, 2A, 4 (Type 2), and 6 Certification, and for RAST operations. Facilities on the bow are designed for Level III, Class A (Type 1) certification.
DDG 88 is programmed to receive the first Engineering Development Model 4B variant SPY-1E radar, with signal-processing and transmitter changes to improve the radar’s capability to detect low-observable targets under clutter conditions. A later development may be the addition of a capability to track and engage ballistic missiles.
Starting with Winston Churchill (DDG 81), DDGs will have the 5"/62 cal. gun and dual SH-60R helicopter facilities. They also will have LASM, NFCS and Link 16. The forward fit of the 5 inch 62 caliber gun aboard DDG81, USS WINSTON S. CHURCHILL (DDG81), which commissions in 2001, marks the beginning of the evolution of the highly successful ARLEIGH BURKE class destroyer design to meet the rapidly expanding littoral warfighting mission.
Units beginning with DDG 83 have the “Smart Ship”' operational cost-savings features and procedures developed with the cruiser Yorktown (CG 48). The Navy intends to incorporate the ideas and technologies from Smart Ship into all 27 of its Ticonderoga class cruisers and 25 Arleigh Burke-class destroyers, starting with DDG 83. These ideas bring automation to maintenance, engineering, damage control, and bridge functions, saving the Navy money. Systems incorporated include: Integrated Condition Assessment System (ICAS) to monitor ship operations; Damage Control System (DCS), with computers, high-speed processors, and touch-screen displays to monitor ship integrity status; Integrated Bridge System (IBS), which automates bridge and navigational functions, reducing required personnel to as few as two; Standard Monitoring and Control System (SMCS), a computerized propulsion control system; and installation of a fiber-optic local-area network (LAN).
In early 1996 Bath Iron Works, the lead design yard for DDG-51 Flight IIa, awarded a contract to York International to manufacture 200-ton HFC-134a centrifugal compressor air-conditioning (AC) plants for DDG-83 and follow-on ships. This will be the first installation of the Navy's newly developed ozone-friendly AC plant. Each ship will receive four plants. This plant, in addition to using an ozone-friendly refrigerant, offers significant improvements over the CFC-114 AC plants currently used on DDG-51-class ships.
McCampbell (DDG 85) marks the introduction of Navy Area TBMD capability aboard DDGs.
DDG 88 is programmed to receive the first Engineering Development Model 4B variant SPY-1E radar, with signal-processing and transmitter changes to improve the radar’s capability to detect low-observable targets under clutter conditions. A later development may be the addition of a capability to track and engage ballistic missiles.
DDG 96 and later ships are to receive the updated 5”/62 cal Mk 45 Mod 4 gun, with the capability to fire guided shells to 63 nm ranges. They will not have towed-array sonars but will receive the UYQ-65 display for the SQQ-89(V)10 sonar suite, which incorporates the Enhanced Modular Signal Processor (EMSP).
远程图片：779470-1503114-ddg51-001-embed-embed.jpg
|
汉风论坛 » 贴图风景线 » 军事 美国所有伯克级军舰 !
